Open AccessThe Efficiency of Natural Adsorbents to Remove Fluoride from Drinking Water: A Review
Author(s) -
Aishwarya P Marad
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
international journal for research in applied science and engineering technology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
ISSN - 2321-9653
DOI - 10.22214/ijraset.2021.37213
Subject(s) - fluoride , adsorption , water treatment , activated carbon , effluent , filtration (mathematics) , waste management , powdered activated carbon treatment , chemistry , environmental science , environmental engineering , pulp and paper industry , inorganic chemistry , engineering , mathematics , organic chemistry , statistics
Widespread existence of fluoride above the desirable limit in ground water, reported that 17 states of India are facing endemic fluorosis problem. Excess amount of fluoride is being emitted due to increase in human activities. Businesses release effluents exceptionally stacked with fluoride. The over abundance of fluoride is destructive from numerous points of view this there is a need to cut down the fluoride level to the safe limits. For this reason the treatment of water is done using number of techniques like coagulation and flocculation, ion-exchange, electrochemical methods, nano filtration, adsorption etc. Adsorption is a significant process in which the fluoride is adsorbed on to a membrane or fixed bed. Activated carbon is a commonly used adsorbent for water and waste water treatment, but the main disadvantage of the activated carbon is the cost and rejuvenation difficulty. Many attempts are done to defluoride water from high concentration to permissible level, still the studies are going on to implement a user friendly defluoridation methods using low cost, sufficiently available and highly effective adsorbent.