Open AccessGram Positive Bacterial Lipoteichoic Acid Role in a Root Canal Infection – A Literature Review
Author(s) -
Vinoo Subramaniam Ramachandran,
Mensudar Rathakrishnan,
Malathy Balaraman Ravindrran,
Alargarsamy Venkatesh,
Vidhya Shankari Shanmugasundaram,
Kumaraguru Karpagavinayagam
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
journal of pure and applied microbiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.149
H-Index - 16
eISSN - 2581-690X
pISSN - 0973-7510
DOI - 10.22207/jpam.15.2.29
Subject(s) - lipoteichoic acid , microbiology and biotechnology , bacteria , lipopolysaccharide , biology , inflammation , immune system , gram negative bacteria , gram positive bacteria , antibiotics , immunology , escherichia coli , staphylococcus aureus , biochemistry , gene , genetics
Bacteria and its by-products are found to be the main cause of pulpal and periapical infection of tooth. Infected root canals of tooth harbours a wide variation of microbial flora that includes both Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms. Bacterial components such as Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of gram negative bacteria and Lipoteichoic Acid (LTA) of gram positive bacteria have the potential to enter the peri-apical tissue of tooth and initiate the inflammatory process. After microbial death that occurs either due to body’s defence cells or by antibiotic action, bacterial cell wall components such as LTA are released which can persist inside macrophages for prolonged periods causing chronic inflammation. Once these cell-wall components are recognized by the body immune surveillance cells, numerous inflammatory mediators are released leading to inflammation and subsequent pathological consequences. The purpose of this review is intend to summarize the role of gram positive bacterial component LTA in causing endodontic infection and use of potential therapeutic agents against LTA.