Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation in Early Breast Cancer: Focus on Intraoperative Treatment with Electrons (ELIOT)

Wide tumor resection plus postoperative whole breast irradiation is standard treatment for early breast cancer. Irradiation decreases recurrence rates, but may cause poor cosmesis, breast pain, and cardiac and lung toxicity. Accelerated partial breast irradiation is increasingly used in the hope of increasing convenience, decreasing sequelae and maintaining cure rates. Intraoperative radiotherapy with electrons is an attractive accelerated partial breast irradiation technique because collimator placement is under the direct control of the surgeon who removes the tumor, the skin is spared, shielding protects the chest wall and complete irradiation can be given in a single intraoperative session (avoiding 5–7 weeks of whole breast irradiation). Intraoperative radiotherapy with electrons seems as safe as whole breast irradiation; however, long-term results on local control and survival are not available yet.