Open AccessFurther evidence for the association of GAL, GALR1 and NPY1R variants with opioid dependence
Author(s) -
Matthew Randesi,
Orna Levran,
Wim van den Brink,
Peter Blanken,
Jan M. van Ree,
Jürg Ott,
Mary Jeanne Kreek
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
pharmacogenomics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.541
H-Index - 91
eISSN - 1744-8042
pISSN - 1462-2416
DOI - 10.2217/pgs-2020-0045
Subject(s) - heroin , snp , opioid , single nucleotide polymorphism , addiction , genetic association , methadone maintenance , medicine , methadone , association (psychology) , heroin addiction , gene , psychiatry , clinical psychology , pharmacology , genetics , psychology , drug , biology , genotype , receptor , psychotherapist
Aim: Heroin addiction is a chronic, relapsing disease that has genetic and environmental, including drug-induced, contributions. Stress influences the development of addictions. This study was conducted to determine if variants in stress-related genes are associated with opioid dependence (OD). Patients & methods: One hundred and twenty variants in 26 genes were analyzed in 597 Dutch subjects. Patients included 281 OD in methadone maintenance with or without heroin-assisted treatment and 316 controls. Results: Twelve SNPs in seven genes showed a nominally significant association with OD. Experiment-wise significant associations (p < 0.05) were found for three SNP pairs, through an interaction effect: NPY1R / GAL rs4691910/rs1893679, NPY1R / GAL rs4691910/rs3136541 and GALR1/GAL rs9807208/rs3136541. Conclusion: This study lends more evidence to previous reports of association of stress-related variants with heroin dependence.