Open AccessMALONDIALDEHYDE, ADIPONECTIN, NITRIC OXIDE, C-REACTIVE PROTEIN, TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA AND INSULIN RESISTANCE RELATIONSHIPS AND INTER-RELATIONSHIPS IN TYPE 2 DIABETES EARLY STAGE IS METFORMIN ALONE ADEQUATE IN THIS STAGE
Author(s) -
Entsar A. Saad,
Salem A. Habib,
Wael Refai,
Amira A. Elfayoumy
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
international journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences/international journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 2656-0097
pISSN - 0975-1491
DOI - 10.22159/ijpps.2017v9i10.21149
Subject(s) - metformin , adiponectin , insulin resistance , type 2 diabetes , malondialdehyde , medicine , endocrinology , oxidative stress , type 2 diabetes mellitus , diabetes mellitus , nitric oxide , insulin , inflammation
Objective: Great interest is directed to inflammation and oxidative stress involvement in type 2 diabetes pathogenesis. Many researchers suggest they play roles but exactly how is still not clear enough. This encouraged us to investigate relations and potential inter-relationships between them and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes in its early stage. Whether metformin drug alone, as frequently prescribed, is enough for type 2 diabetes management in this early stage was an objective.Methods: Blood sugar indices, adiponectin (ADIPOQ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), C-reactive protein (CRP), liver and kidney function tests and lipid profile were monitored in non-diabetic volunteers, pre-diabetic and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients before and after metformin drug utilization for 5 mo.Results: MDA, inflammation markers and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were elevated, and blood sugar indices and lipid profile showed pathological alterations in diabetics compared to non-diabetics; changes were worse in type 2 cases. They were improved to different degrees by metformin treatment except for pancreatic β-cells function and ADIPOQ level showed no significant improvements and it couldn’t normalize ALT.Conclusion: Results reflected significant relations and inter-relationships between oxidative stress and inflammation markers in type 2 diabetes in its early stage and indicated that metformin may need to be combined with another drug.