Open AccessACUTE TOXICITY OF CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLES CONTAINING MAHKOTA DEWA (PHALERIA MACROCARPA) LEAF EXTRACT AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECTS IN A DEXTRAN SODIUM SULFATE-INDUCED MOUSE MODEL OF ULCERATIVE COLITIS
Author(s) -
Ari Estuningtyas,
Santi Widiasari,
Kusmardi Kusmardi
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
international journal of applied pharmaceutics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.238
H-Index - 15
ISSN - 0975-7058
DOI - 10.22159/ijap.2018.v10s1.02
Subject(s) - colitis , acute toxicity , toxicity , anti inflammatory , ulcerative colitis , pharmacology , chemistry , chitosan , traditional medicine , in vivo , medicine , pathology , immunology , biochemistry , biology , microbiology and biotechnology , disease
Objective: The plant mahkota dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa) is known to have anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed to determine whetherchitosan nanoparticles containing mahkota dewa leaf extract would yield superior anti-inflammatory effects in the colon of a mouse model of dextransodium sulfate (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis, compared with ethanol extract alone after testing the acute toxicities (lethal dose) of both preparations.Methods: For acute toxicity testing, 10 Sprague-Dawley rats were administered 6000 mg/kg body weight (BW) of leaf extract alone or with nanoparticles.Subsequently, mice were divided into the following six groups to determine the anti-inflammatory effects: Untreated, negative control (DSS 2% w/v), leafextract at 12.5 or 25 mg/kg BW, and leaf extract in chitosan nanoparticles at 6.25 or 12.5 mg/kg BW. To induce colitis, DSS (2% w/v) was administeredthrough drinking water for 6 weeks. The anti-inflammatory effect was observed histopathologically by imaging the inflammatory cells of the mice colonwith hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining.Results: For acute toxicity testing, 10 Sprague-Dawley rats were administered 6000 mg/kg BW of leaf extract alone or with nanoparticles. Subsequently,mice were divided into the following six groups to determine the anti-inflammatory effects: Untreated, negative control (DSS 2% w/v), leaf extract at12.5 or 25 mg/kg BW, and leaf extract in chitosan nanoparticles at 6.25 or 12.5 mg/kg BW. To induce colitis, DSS (1% w/v) was administered throughdrinking water for 6 weeks. The anti-inflammatory effect was observed histopathologically by imaging the inflammatory cells of the mice colon withHE staining.Conclusion: Chitosan nanoparticles containing mahkota dewa leaf extract can be included in the practically non-toxic class of materials. However, anethanol extract of mahkota dewa leaf effectively inhibited DSS-induced inflammation in the mouse colon, regardless of delivery vehicle.