Open AccessNITRIC OXIDE MEDIATED NEURODEGENERATION IN PARKINSON’S DISEASE
Author(s) -
Vaibhav Walia,
Santlal Kansotia
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
asian journal of pharmaceutical and clinical research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 2455-3891
pISSN - 0974-2441
DOI - 10.22159/ajpcr.2016.v9i5.11667
Subject(s) - neurodegeneration , parkinson's disease , microglia , dopamine , nitric oxide , neuroscience , neuromelanin , reactive oxygen species , neurotransmitter , downregulation and upregulation , reactive nitrogen species , oxidative stress , biology , degeneration (medical) , microbiology and biotechnology , medicine , disease , inflammation , immunology , endocrinology , biochemistry , central nervous system , pathology , substantia nigra , dopaminergic , gene
Nitric oxide (NO) is an endogenous molecule which functions as a neurotransmitter, hormone, free radical, etc. NO has been found to regulate the releaseof neurotransmitters, synaptic transmission, cell death, etc. NO is involved in the pathogenesis of various neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerativedisorders. NO plays a key role in cellular apoptosis and neuronal degeneration. Parkinson’ disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterizedby motor dysfunction that can be seen in the patients suffering from PD. The motor dysfunction is due to the progressive degeneration of dopaminergicneurons in mid brain. Dopamine (DA) is highly reactive molecule and is prone to the oxidation very much. The oxidation of DA is accompanied bythe production of the reactive oxygen species that activates microglia cells. Upon activation, microglia cells cause the upregulation of inducible NOsynthase, the enzyme involved in the production of NO. NO thus plays a key role in the neurodegeneration process implicated in PD. Thus, the aim ofthe present manuscript is to describe the possible role of NO in PD.Keywords: Dopamine, Neuromelanin, Nitric oxide, Parkinson.