Early infantile epileptic encephalopathy type 1 and 2: literature review and own observation

Epileptic encephalopathies and developmental encephalopathies are a group of severe disorders characterized by a delay or regression of cognitive and behavioral skills that develop as a result of resistant epileptic seizures. Because of the clinical and genetic heterogeneity of these disorders, next-generation sequencing is an important part of the examination of patients to identify the genetic etiology of the disorder and the appointment of targeted antiepileptic therapy. The article presents modern views on 1 and 2 types epileptic encephalopathies caused by pathogenic mutations of the ARX and CDKL5 genes. The main features of clinical symptoms, data of additional instrumental methods of examination and possible variations of targeted use of combinations of antiepileptic drugs in these disorders are presented. A case report of a patient with a CDKL5 gene mutation is described.