Open AccessA Serious Puzzle Game to Enhance Adherence to Antirheumatic Drugs in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: Systematic Development Using Intervention Mapping
Author(s) -
Bart Pouls,
Charlotte L Bekker,
Sandra van Dulmen,
Johanna E Vriezekolk,
Bart J F van den Bemt
Publication year - 2022
Publication title -
jmir serious games
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
ISSN - 2291-9279
DOI - 10.2196/31570
Subject(s) - intervention (counseling) , medicine , competence (human resources) , rheumatoid arthritis , randomized controlled trial , psychology , physical therapy , social psychology , nursing , surgery
Background Patients’ implicit attitudes toward medication need and concerns may influence their adherence. Targeting these implicit attitudes by combining game-entertainment with medication-related triggers might improve medication adherence in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Objective The aim of this study was to describe the systematic development of a serious game to enhance adherence to antirheumatic drugs by using intervention mapping. Methods A serious game was developed using the intervention mapping framework guided by a multidisciplinary expert group, which proceeded along 6 steps: (1) exploring the problem by assessing the relationship between medication adherence and implicit attitudes, (2) defining change objectives, (3) selecting evidence-based behavior change techniques that focused on adjusting implicit attitudes, (4) designing the intervention, (5) guaranteeing implementation by focusing on intrinsic motivation, and (6) planning a scientific evaluation. Results Based on the problem assessment and guided by the Dual-Attitude Model, implicit negative and illness-related attitudes of patients with RA were defined as the main target for the intervention. Consequently, the change objective was “after the intervention, participants have a more positive attitude toward antirheumatic drugs.” Attention bias modification, evaluative conditioning, and goal priming were the techniques chosen to implicitly target medication needs. These techniques were redesigned into medication-related triggers and built in the serious puzzle game. Thirty-seven patients with RA tested the game at several stages. Intrinsic motivation was led by the self-determination theory and addressed the 3 needs, that is, competence, autonomy, and relatedness. The intervention will be evaluated in a randomized clinical trial that assesses the effect of playing the serious game on antirheumatic drug adherence. Conclusions We systematically developed a serious game app to enhance adherence to antirheumatic drugs among patients with RA by using the intervention mapping framework. This paper could serve as a guideline for other health care providers when developing similar interventions.