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Pest Responses to Odors From Predators Fed a Diet of Target Species Conspecifics and Heterospecifics
Author(s) -
Cox Tarnya E.,
Murray Peter J.,
Hall Graham P.,
Li Xiuhua
Publication year - 2010
Publication title -
the journal of wildlife management
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.94
H-Index - 111
eISSN - 1937-2817
pISSN - 0022-541X
DOI - 10.2193/2009-410
Subject(s) - odor , panthera , predator , biology , tiger , predation , feces , zoology , context (archaeology) , capra hircus , ecology , computer security , neuroscience , computer science , paleontology
Research into the use of predator‐odor‐based repellents as a management tool has gained momentum during the past 30 years. Some studies have suggested that odors from a predator whose diet includes the target species are more effective than odors from a predator that does not consume the species. To evaluate this management tool in the Australian context and to determine the effect, if any, of predator diet on odor repellence, we tested eutherian and metatherian, predator fecal odors on phylogenetically separated pest species that currently occur in Australia. We evaluated fecal odors from tigers ( Panthera tigris ) and Tasmanian devils ( Sarcophilus harrisii ) as repellents for goats ( Capra hircus ) and eastern grey kangaroos ( Macropus giganteus ). We fed tigers and Tasmanian devils 2 diets: one of goat and one of eastern grey kangaroo. The test fecal odors were more effective than a control odor of carrier material and solvent at deterring goats ( P < 0.001) and kangaroos ( P = 0.02) from food. Tiger fecal odor was more effective than Tasmanian devil odor in deterring both goats ( P = 0.001)and kangaroos ( P = 0.03). We observed a decrease in the number of feeding events for goats when they were exposed to the odor from a tiger fed goat compared with all other predator‐diet combinations ( P < 0.001). We also observed a decrease in feeding events for kangaroos when exposed to the odor from a tiger fed kangaroo compared with all other predator‐diet combinations. We observed signs of desensitization to the test odors in goats and habituation to the test odors in kangaroos over the experimental period. A better understanding of the factors involved in desensitization and habituation may increase the effectiveness of fecal odor‐based repellents as a humane and nonlethal management tool for managers.