Comparative analysis of congenital malformations of the fetus detected in the periods from 2010 to 2012 and from 2017 to 2019 (based on the materials of the maternity department of Rostov-on-Don)

Objective : to conduct a comparative analysis of the structure, number, and antenatal diagnosis of fetal malformations in two clinical groups. Materials and methods : a retrospective comparative analysis of the variations, frequency, and detectability of malformations and developmental abnormalities in newborns born in two groups was conducted for the periods from 2010 to 2012 (the first group) and from 2017 to 2019 (the second group). The study of these materials was conducted on the basis of the maternity department of the city hospital of Rostov-on-Don. Statistical processing of the obtained results was carried out using the programs Statistica 10 and Microsoft Excel 2013. Results : in the second group, the number of children with genital abnormalities increased. The number of children with skin abnormalities increased as well as the number of children with gastrointestinal malformations. There is a decrease in the number of abnormalities in the development of the musculoskeletal system and the circulatory system. The rate of cleavage of the lip and hard palate decreased. However, malformations of the fetus were not detected in all cases, although their detectability increased from 4.41% in 2010 – 2012 to 22.62% in 2017 – 2019, i.e. by 5.13 times. Conclusion . The search for modern, reliable, and non-invasive methods for diagnosing fetal malformations in early pregnancy is an important stage in the study of this issue. It is also important to train high-class ultrasound specialists as well as search for new biochemical markers of congenital genetic disorders.