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Nickel and copper removal at the San Jose/Santa Clara water pollution control plant
Author(s) -
Ekster Alex,
Jenkins David
Publication year - 1996
Publication title -
water environment research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.356
H-Index - 73
eISSN - 1554-7531
pISSN - 1061-4303
DOI - 10.2175/106143096x128603
Subject(s) - chloramination , effluent , activated sludge , chemistry , nitrification , environmental chemistry , pilot plant , secondary treatment , filtration (mathematics) , sedimentation , sewage treatment , environmental engineering , environmental science , chlorine , chloramine , sediment , nitrogen , paleontology , statistics , mathematics , organic chemistry , biology
The fate of particulate and dissolved nickel (Ni) and copper (Cu) was determined at various stages in a 7.3 m 3 /s (167 mgd) tertiary treatment plant consisting of primary sedimentation, off‐line primary effluent equalization, first‐stage (secondary) activated sludge, second‐stage (nitrification) activated sludge, prefilter chloramination, filtration, disinfection and dechlorination. At micrograms/liter levels, particulate Cu and Ni removals were higher than dissolved Cu and Ni removals. Only secondary activated sludge removed the dissolved Cu. No other process removed either dissolved Cu or Ni. The dissolved Cu concentration in the second stage nitrification activated sludge plant effluent was higher than that in the first stage secondary activated sludge plant effluent. Prefilter chloramination solubilized particulate Cu and decreased the overall Cu removal by filtration. The dissolved Cu removed by the activated sludge systems varied seasonally; the higher removals seemed to be associated with increased activated sludge growth.