Premium
Benchmarking the Energy Intensity of Small Water Resource Recovery Facilities
Author(s) -
Hanna Steven M.,
Thompson Matthew J.,
Dahab Mohamed F.,
Williams Robert E.,
Dvorak Bruce I.
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
water environment research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.356
H-Index - 73
eISSN - 1554-7531
pISSN - 1061-4303
DOI - 10.2175/106143017x15131012153176
Subject(s) - benchmarking , benchmark (surveying) , environmental science , energy intensity , resource (disambiguation) , effluent , electricity , efficient energy use , energy (signal processing) , linear regression , sewage treatment , environmental economics , environmental engineering , computer science , business , engineering , statistics , mathematics , economics , computer network , geodesy , marketing , machine learning , electrical engineering , geography
To enable small communities to benchmark the energy efficiency of their water resource recovery facilities (also known as wastewater treatment facilities), multiple linear regression models of electric and overall energy intensity (kWh/m 3 ) were created using data from Nebraska and Pennsylvania. Key variables found to be significant include: facility type, supplemental energy usage for sludge treatment, average flow, percent design flow, climate controlled floor area, effluent NH 3 ‐N, and influent CBOD 5 . The results show that energy use models for small systems differ from those for large facilities and that regulatory changes can affect energy usage. Step changes in the data for facilities that changed operators highlight the importance of operational decisions on energy efficiency for small facilities serving fewer than 10,000 people. Differences were observed between the models of data from specific states. Although these models may not include all factors that account for variability in energy use, they can provide a reference benchmark for small WRRFs.