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Effluent Treatment Technologies in the Iron and Steel Industry ‐ A State of the Art Review
Author(s) -
Das Pallabi,
Mondal Gautam C.,
Singh Siddharth,
Singh Abhay K.,
Prasad Bably,
Singh Krishna K.
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
water environment research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.356
H-Index - 73
eISSN - 1554-7531
pISSN - 1061-4303
DOI - 10.2175/106143017x15131012152951
Subject(s) - effluent , pollutant , waste management , pollution , environmental science , hazardous waste , land reclamation , environmental remediation , reusability , environmental engineering , engineering , contamination , chemistry , computer science , history , ecology , organic chemistry , archaeology , software , biology , programming language
Iron and steel industry is the principal driving force propelling economic and technological growth of a nation. However, since its inception this industry is associated with widespread environmental pollution and enormous water consumption. Different units of a steel plant discharge effluents loaded with toxic, hazardous pollutants, and unutilized components which necessitates mitigation. In this paper, pollutant removal efficiency, effluent volume product quality, and economic feasibility of existing treatments are studied vis‐à‐vis their merits, demerits, and innovations to access their shortcomings which can be overcome with new technology to identify future research directions. While conventional methods are inadequate for complete remediation and water reclamation, the potential of advanced treatments, like membrane separation, remains relatively untapped. It is concluded that integrated systems combining membrane separation with chemical treatments can guarantee a high degree of contaminant removal, reusability of effluents concurrently leading to process intensification ensuring ecofriendliness and commercial viability.