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Biodegradation of Malachite Green by Brevibacillus laterosporus MTCC 2298
Author(s) -
Gomare Sushama S.,
Parshetti Ganesh K.,
Govindwar Sanjay P.
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
water environment research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.356
H-Index - 73
eISSN - 1554-7531
pISSN - 1061-4303
DOI - 10.2175/106143009x407357
Subject(s) - malachite green , triphenylmethane , chemistry , laccase , biodegradation , lignin peroxidase , nuclear chemistry , chromatography , reductase , brilliant green , biochemistry , organic chemistry , enzyme , adsorption
Brevibacillus laterosporus MTCC 2298 was screened for the decolorization of eight triphenylmethane dyes. Decolorization of malachite green was found to be fastest (87% within 3 hours, at the concentration 0.1 g/L) among the screened dyes. Various triphenylmethane dyes showed differential induction patterns of the dye‐degrading enzymes. The activities of the laccase, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide‐dichlorophenolindophenol reductase (NADH‐DCIP reductase), malachite green reductase, and aminopyrine N‐demethylase were increased in the cell‐free extract obtained after decolorization of malachite green. Fourier transform infrared spectral analysis indicated formation of N‐demethylated products, including primary and secondary aryl amines. High‐performance liquid chromatography analysis confirmed the transformation of malachite green into new metabolites rather than its reduced form, leucomalachite green. Gas chromatography‐mass spectroscopy analysis detected new degradation products, such as reduced tetradesmethyl leucomalachite green (m/z 283) and [4‐(1‐cyclohexyl)‐(1'‐phenyl)‐methyl]‐2, 4‐hexenoic acid (m/z 282). Complete decolorization of malachite green also was observed by the partially purified laccase from B. laterosporus .