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Analysis of Volatile and Semivolatile Organic Compounds in Municipal Wastewater Using Headspace Solid‐Phase Microextraction and Gas Chromatography
Author(s) -
Antoniou Chrysoula V.,
Koukouraki Elisavet E.,
Diamadopoulos Evan
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
water environment research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.356
H-Index - 73
eISSN - 1554-7531
pISSN - 1061-4303
DOI - 10.2175/106143007x175988
Subject(s) - solid phase microextraction , chromatography , volatile organic compound , chemistry , wastewater , gas chromatography , environmental chemistry , gas chromatography–mass spectrometry , environmental science , environmental engineering , mass spectrometry , organic chemistry
The aim of this work was to develop a simple and fast analytical method for the determination of a wide range of organic compounds (volatile and semivolatile compounds) in municipal wastewater. The headspace‐solid‐phase microextraction (HS‐SPME) and gas chromatography (with mass spectroscopy) was used for determination of the organic compounds. In this study, 39 organic compounds were determined, including 3 sulfur compounds, 28 substituted benzenes, and 8 substituted phenols. The extraction parameters, such as types of SPME fiber, extraction temperature, extraction time, desorption time, salt effect, and magnetic stirring, were investigated. The method had very good repeatability, because the relative standard deviations ranged from 0.5 to 12%. The detection limit of each compound was at or below the microgram‐per‐liter level. This method was applied for determination of the organic compounds in raw wastewater, primary effluent, secondary effluent, and chlorinated secondary effluent samples from the Chania Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant (Crete, Greece).