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In Situ Bioremediation of Nitrate and Perchlorate in Vadose Zone Soil for Groundwater Protection Using Gaseous Electron Donor Injection Technology
Author(s) -
Evans Patrick J.,
Trute Mary M.
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
water environment research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.356
H-Index - 73
eISSN - 1554-7531
pISSN - 1061-4303
DOI - 10.2175/106143006x123076
Subject(s) - vadose zone , chemistry , perchlorate , environmental chemistry , nitrate , environmental remediation , bioremediation , microcosm , ethyl acetate , groundwater , biodegradation , environmental engineering , waste management , soil water , contamination , environmental science , organic chemistry , soil science , ecology , geology , ion , geotechnical engineering , biology , engineering
When present in the vadose zone, potentially toxic nitrate and perchlorate anions can be persistent sources of groundwater contamination. Gaseous electron donor injection technology (GEDIT), an anaerobic variation of petroleum hydrocarbon bioventing, involves injecting electron donor gases, such as hydrogen or ethyl acetate, into the vadose zone, to stimulate biodegradation of nitrate and perchlorate. Laboratory microcosm studies demonstrated that hydrogen and ethanol promoted nitrate and perchlorate reduction in vadose zone soil and that moisture content was an important factor. Column studies demonstrated that transport of particular electron donors varied significantly; ethyl acetate and butyraldehyde were transported more rapidly than butyl acetate and ethanol. Nitrate removal in the column studies, up to 100%, was best promoted by ethyl acetate. Up to 39% perchlorate removal was achieved with ethanol and was limited by insufficient incubation time. The results demonstrate that GEDIT is a promising remediation technology warranting further validation.