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Entrapped Mixed Microbial Cell Process for Combined Secondary and Tertiary Wastewater Treatment
Author(s) -
Yang P.Y.,
Cao K.,
Kim S.J.
Publication year - 2002
Publication title -
water environment research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.356
H-Index - 73
eISSN - 1554-7531
pISSN - 1061-4303
DOI - 10.2175/106143002x139947
Subject(s) - alkalinity , chemistry , chemical oxygen demand , wastewater , nitrogen , aeration , hydraulic retention time , nitrate , ammonium , carbon to nitrogen ratio , pulp and paper industry , nitrite , bioreactor , environmental chemistry , sewage treatment , biochemical oxygen demand , environmental engineering , environmental science , organic chemistry , engineering
An entrapped mixed microbial cell (EMMC) process was investigated for simultaneous removal of carbon and nitrogen from a synthetic wastewater in a single bioreactor. The influent had a soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD)/nitrogen ratio varying from 4 to 15 and an alkalinity of 140 and 230 mg/L as calcium carbonate. An alternating schedule of intermittent aeration was used for two sizes of carriers: 10 × 10 × 10 mm 3 and 20 × 20 × 20 mm 3 . The medium carrier (10 × 10 × 10 mm 3 ) was found to achieve higher removals of nitrogen, chemical oxygen demand, and 5‐day biochemical oxygen demand of 92, 95, and 97%, respectively. These higher removal rates occurred at a 12‐hour hydraulic retention time (HRT), an aeration/nonaeration ratio of 0.5:2 hours, and an SCOD/nitrogen ratio of 15 in the influent.
Influent alkalinity concentrations of 140 and 230 mg/L as calcium carbonate were found to have minimum effect on the removal of carbon and nitrogen. However, the oxidation‐reduction potential, ranging from – 100 to 400 mV (during air‐off period), provides better nitrogen removal efficiency to maintain the total nitrogen (nitrate, nitrite, and ammonium) less than 10 mg/L when an SCOD/nitrogen ratio of 10 or 15 is maintained in the influent. Nitrogen removal efficiency increased with increasing ratios of SCOD/nitrogen in the influent (i.e., SCOD/nitrogen ratio of 15 > 10 > 7 > 4.0). The results of actual wastewater operation based on a study of synthetic wastewater show that organics removal efficiencies (94.6 and 94.2%) and nitrogen removal efficiencies (61.0 and 60.9%) are similar for reactors packed with medium and large carriers, respectively, when they are operated with a 9‐hour HRT, an air on/air off ratio of 1 hour:2 hours and an SCOD/nitrogen ratio of 4.6.