Open AccessMesenchymal Stem Cells: A Potent Cell Source for COVID-19
Author(s) -
Mohammad Ramazii,
Delnia Ebadi,
Maryam Farzaneh,
Farhoodeh Ghaedrahmati,
Seyed Esmaeil Khoshnam
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
coronaviruses
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 2666-7975
pISSN - 2666-7967
DOI - 10.2174/2666796702666210211121614
Subject(s) - mesenchymal stem cell , medicine , ards , stem cell , stem cell therapy , coronavirus , immunology , cytokine storm , cell therapy , lung , biology , pathology , disease , covid-19 , infectious disease (medical specialty) , genetics
Coronaviruses are enveloped positive-stranded RNA viruses that cause mild to acute respiratoryillness. Coronaviruses can merge envelope proteins with the host cell membranes and delivertheir genetic material. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the seventh coronavirus closestto the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in bats that infects humans. COVID-19 attacksthe respiratory system and stimulates the host inflammatory responses, promotes the recruitmentof immune cells, and enhances angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) activities. Patientswith confirmed COVID-19 have experienced fever, dry cough, headache, dyspnea, acute kidney injury(AKI), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and acute heart injury. Several strategiessuch as oxygen therapy, ventilation, antibiotic or antiviral therapy, and renal replacement therapyare commonly used to decrease COVID-19-associated mortality. Inflammation is a common andimportant factor in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. In recent years, stem cell-based therapies representa promising therapeutic option against various diseases. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) aremultipotent stem cells that can self-renew and differentiate into various tissues of mesodermal origin.MSCs can be derived from bone marrow, adipose tissue, and umbilical cord blood. MSCs,with their unique immunomodulatory properties, represent a promising therapeutic alternativeagainst diseases associated with inflammation. Several previous studies have shown that MSCswith a strong safety profile can improve the treatment of patients with COVID-19. The informationin this review provides a summary of the prevention and diagnosis of COVID-19. Also, we focuson the current clinical application of MSCs for treatments of patients with COVID-19.