Nanotoxicity: The Dark Side of Nanoformulations

Nanotoxicity has become the topic of great concern in nanoscience and nanotechnologybecause of the increasing toxic effects of nanomaterials on living organisms. The toxic patterns ofchemotherapeutic drugs, nanomedicines, and nanocarrier are closely associated. Long term exposureof nanocarrier composed of several bioactive (protein and peptide drugs) and chemotherapeuticdrugs (anticancerous agents) leads to toxicity, selective induction of cytotoxicity in normal cellsand organ. Important factors that contribute directly and significantly to the toxicity of nanoparticles(NPs) constitute particle size, shape and surface area. Apart from size and shape, the structureof the NPs also contributes to nanotoxicity. The review focuses on the basic perceptions and mechanismsof nanomaterial-based drug delivery and nanotoxicity is introduced along with a detailedclassification of drug delivery approaches i.e., carbon nanotubes, Quantum dots, fullerenes andNPs and nanotoxicity models, supported by the most contemporary investigation studies with distinctiveemphasis on the communicate between nanotoxicity and nanomedicines research, which isemphasized in order to discover future prospects for developing progressive therapeutic methods.In this framework, the present silhouette focused on assembling and present recent advances, outcomes,and interlinks between nanomaterial-based drug delivery and nanotoxicity disciplines in orderto provide inclusive supervision for future nanotechnology-based medicinal research. Reactiveoxygen stress with subsequent DNA damage is the major reason for nanotoxicity which can beovercome using green nanoscience uses of antioxidants and surface modification. The silhouette isestablished with future forecasts on the use of nanocarrier for manipulating the behavior of livingorganisms.