Open AccessRice Straw: A Major Renewable Lignocellulosic Biomass for Value-Added Carbonaceous Materials
Author(s) -
Manolata Devi Mayanglambam,
Nidhi Aggarwal,
Shunmugavel Saravanamurugan
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
current green chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 2213-347X
pISSN - 2213-3461
DOI - 10.2174/2213346106666191127120259
Subject(s) - biochar , straw , biomass (ecology) , environmental science , pulp and paper industry , lignocellulosic biomass , renewable resource , pyrolysis , raw material , waste management , materials science , renewable energy , agronomy , biofuel , chemistry , organic chemistry , engineering , electrical engineering , biology
Carbonaceous materials are proven to be vital in day-to-day life as well as in advanced scienceand technology applications. Rice straw, a secondary agricultural lignocellulosic biomass, hasdrawn great attention for the production of value-added carbonaceous material. Because, it can providean alternative economic, greener and sustainable resource of carbon to non-renewable fossil fuelbasedprecursors while controlling the worsening situation of environmental pollution due to improperdisposal and stubble burning. In this review, recent developments in the production of carbonaceousmaterials from rice straw are presented. Biochar and activated carbon were reported to be the primecarbonaceous materials prepared from the rice straw. Thus, pyrogenic preparation of biochar and theinfluence of its pyrolysis temperature to the yield, composition, surface area, porosity and morphologyare preliminarily discussed. This is followed by a detailed discussion on the preparation of activatedcarbon with an emphasis on the influencing reaction factors for improving the characteristic propertiesof the activated carbons. Additionally, the major characterization techniques dealing with determiningthe surface area and porosity (BET analyzer) and microstructure (secondary electron microscope(SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM)) for both the carbonaceous materials are also discussed.Finally, major applications of both the carbonaceous materials are briefly reviewed. Thus, thepresent review clearly highlights the usefulness of agricultural lignocellulosic waste rice straw for theconversion of waste to value-added carbonaceous materials.