Open AccessThe Role of Periodontopathogens and Oral Microbiome in the Progression of Oral Cancer. A Review
Author(s) -
Julián F. Beltran,
SM Viafara-Garcia,
Alberto P. Labrador,
Johan Basterrechea
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
the open dentistry journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.428
H-Index - 25
ISSN - 1874-2106
DOI - 10.2174/1874210602115010367
Subject(s) - fusobacterium nucleatum , porphyromonas gingivalis , dysbiosis , oral microbiome , prevotella intermedia , fusobacterium , biology , cancer , microbiology and biotechnology , microbiome , disease , bacteria , medicine , immunology , pathology , bacteroides , bioinformatics , genetics
Chronic periodontal disease and oral bacteria dysbiosis can lead to the accumulation of genetic mutations that eventually stimulate Oral Squamous Cell Cancer (OSCC). The annual incidence of OSCC is increasing significantly, and almost half of the cases are diagnosed in an advanced stage. Worldwide there are more than 380,000 new cases diagnosed every year, and a topic of extensive research in the last few years is the alteration of oral bacteria, their compositional changes and microbiome. This review aims to establish the relationship between bacterial dysbiosis and OSCC. Several bacteria implicated in periodontal disease, including Fusobacterium nucleatum , Porphyromonas gingivalis , Prevotella intermedia , and some Streptococcus species, promote angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and alteration in the host defense process; these same bacteria have been present in different stages of OSCC. Our review showed that genes involved in bacterial chemotaxis, the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of the cell wall membrane of gram negatives bacteria, were significantly increased in patients with OSCC. Additionally, some bacterial diversity, particularly with Firmicutes , and Actinobacteria species, has been identified in pre-cancerous stage samples. This review suggests the importance of an early diagnosis and more comprehensive periodontal therapy for patients by the dental care professional.