Open AccessSevere Acute Respiratory Coronavirus-2: A Critical Review of Virus Biology, Genome and Pathophysiology
Author(s) -
Akhilesh Agrawal,
Supriya Kashikar,
Kaivalya A. Deo,
Abhay Gaidhane,
Anand V Bansod,
Priyanka Jaiswal,
Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
the open dentistry journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.428
H-Index - 25
ISSN - 1874-2106
DOI - 10.2174/1874210602115010286
Subject(s) - coronavirus , pandemic , cytokine storm , virology , virus , biology , covid-19 , outbreak , ards , transmission (telecommunications) , intensive care medicine , immunology , medicine , disease , lung , infectious disease (medical specialty) , pathology , electrical engineering , engineering
Severe Acute Respiratory Coronavirus-2 [SARS-CoV-2] emerged as a great threat to the world at the end of December 2019 in China. The SARS-CoV-2 evolved from a virus responsible for the SARS epidemic in 2002. The SARS-CoV-2 has a high rate of human-human transmission and originated from the bat. It has a close resemblance with bat-like-SARS-CoV compared to SARS-CoV; however, the Spike protein responsible for virus-host cell interaction possesses the least similarity with that of SARS-CoV. Cytokine Storm is associated with the severity of Covid-19 and leads to acute respiratory distress syndrome [ARDS] and/or multiple organ dysfunction syndromes [MODS]. In the current review article, the features of a novel coronavirus, including viral biology, genomic organisation, life cycle, pathophysiology and genetic diversity, have been discussed. The development of policies and plans which can prepare the world for future pandemics has also been proposed. In addition, the drug development pipelines, diagnostic facilities and management of such pandemics need an up-gradation to contain the current as well as future outbreaks.