Open AccessExosome Limitations in the Treatment of Inflammatory Diseases
Author(s) -
Daria Skuratovskaia,
Maria Vulf,
О. Г. Хазиахматова,
В. В. Малащенко,
Aleksandra Komar,
E. O. Shunkin,
Н. Д. Газатова,
Л. С. Литвинова
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
current pharmaceutical design
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.69
H-Index - 159
eISSN - 1873-4286
pISSN - 1381-6128
DOI - 10.2174/1381612826666201210120444
Subject(s) - microvesicles , exosome , inflammation , microbiology and biotechnology , receptor , computational biology , cell type , cell , medicine , microrna , biology , bioinformatics , cancer research , immunology , biochemistry , gene
Background: Despite the great interest and numerous studies, there is currently no unified standarddescribing the sequential manipulation with cells to obtain exosomes for clinical use.The use of exosomes hasbecome an attractive alternative to cell therapy, since the flexible nature of these biological vesicles allows scientiststo manipulate their composition to produce the desired exosomes carrying specific drugs, RNA and proteins.This study aimed to analyse scientific literature on the changes in the functional characteristics of exosomes,depending on the method of manipulation, potentially contributing to the development of negative effectsin the treatment of diseases of inflammatory genesis. Results: The choice of isolation method affects the expressed sets of protein markers, nucleic acids and receptorson microparticles. Various surface receptors present on the exosome membrane can be engineered to targetlesions. Exosomes from healthy patients help to reduce inflammation, normalize intercellular communicationand have anti-fibrotic, antioxidant, and cytoprotective effects. Exosomes can change the microenvironment, butthe microenvironment can also change the composition of exosomes. Conclusion: Exosomes obtained from sick patients carry markers characteristic of the corresponding disease.Such exosomes can have pro-inflammatory, pro-fibrotic, cytotoxic, and oncogenic properties, and disrupt cellularcooperation. Until now, questions regarding the dose, reactions to repeated administration, and dosage regimeshave not been completely resolved.