Open AccessStarting Anti-COVID-19 Drug Discovery with Natural Products
Author(s) -
Osmar N. Silva,
Bruno Botelho Neves,
Renato Rosseto,
Rodrigo Scaliante de Moura,
Hamilton B. Napolitano,
Wesley Brito,
James Oluwagbamigbe Fajemiroye,
E. B. Pinto,
Pál Perjési,
José Luís Rodrigues Martins
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
fronteiras : journal of social, technological and environmental science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.159
H-Index - 5
ISSN - 2238-8869
DOI - 10.21664/2238-8869.2021v10i1.p241-270
Subject(s) - virology , saquinavir , emodin , coronavirus , ritonavir , pharmacology , traditional medicine , favipiravir , biology , medicine , covid-19 , virus , biochemistry , viral load , disease , pathology , antiretroviral therapy , infectious disease (medical specialty)
COVID-19 was characterized as a pandemic regarding its rapid international spread and severity on March 2020. The Coronaviridae family receives this name regarding the organization of the spike glycoprotein located in the envelope, which resembles a stellar corona when observed under a microscope. Coronaviruses undergo frequent mutations in their genome due to errors made by RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). The SARS-CoV-2 was characterized by high infectivity and person to person transmission, with an incubation period of up to fourteen days. Potent antiviral activities of several natural products such as alkaloids, chalcones, triterpenoids have been reported but with unconfirmed efficacy or safety in the clinic as well as the complete underlying mechanisms. Also, CQ, HCQ and Ivermectin, remdesivir, lopinavir, ritonavir, favipiravir and pegylated interferon with ribavirin have been tested to develop both an effective therapy and a vaccine to treat COVID-19. This study presents the antiviral eects of the natural products against SARS-CoV, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-229E and HCoV-OC43 showing that Lycorine, Emodin, Promazine, Saikosaponins B2, Silvestrol, Cepharanthine, Fangchinoline, Tetrandrine, Caffeic acid, Chlorogenic acid, Gallic acid and Emetine are a good candidates on treatment of coronaviruses infections.