Methodological Aspect of the Interconnection between Science and Research

The present research features the relationship between science and scientific research as internal elements of scientific knowledge. The subject is the methodological aspect in the study, namely, the theoretical self-consciousness of science in a specific historical period, the analysis of the evolution of socio-cultural forms of life of science – monodisciplinary, interdisciplinary, transdisciplinary, supra-disciplinary. Each of these forms once had historically formed methodological potential-techniques, methods, principles, ideals, and norms of knowledge. At each stage, new ways of understanding are formed, and new meanings that revolutionize science, practice, and culture are created. The increase in methodological equipment of science expands cognitive horizons. The changes in socio-cultural forms of science and the nature of scientific research are not synchronized, but they are internally determined. Approach as a methodological tool acts as a connecting link. The choice of methodological approach is determined by the methodological culture of the researcher and, as a rule, reflects the dynamics of scientific knowledge. The authors use the following methodological tools: dialectics of the historical and the logical, dialectics of content and form. They highlight the immanent connection of scientific research and science as the most important components of a specific form of cognition, i. e. science; show the interrelation between the socio-cultural form of science and its epistemological content; demonstrate the dynamics of the complexity of methodological tools in the history of science – from techniques and methods of research to such a methodological phenomenon as the approach, which, in turn, has yet to be investigated.