Open AccessINTERNAL IRRADIATION CONTROL AFTER RADIATION ACCIDENTS ON SHIPS AND VESSELS WITH NUCLEAR POWER UNITS: TASKS AND HARDWARE-METHODICAL SUPPORT
Author(s) -
В.Б. Фирсанов,
В. А. Тарита,
Д. В. Арефьева,
Г. Я. Брук,
В.А. Яковлев
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
radiacionnaâ gigiena
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.254
H-Index - 5
eISSN - 2409-9082
pISSN - 0320-2941
DOI - 10.21514/1998-426x-2018-11-4-64-70
Subject(s) - nuclear power , radionuclide , environmental science , nuclear engineering , radioactive contamination , radiation , radioactive waste , engineering , waste management , physics , nuclear physics
In the case of radiation accident on a board of ships and vessels with nuclear power units, radioactive substances can be released into the environment and absorbed by the human body. The radioactive contamination is associated with a complex and rapidly disintegrating composition of radionuclides, which are products of nuclear fission and induced radioactivity. Therefore, the need for prompt post-accident control of internal exposure is justified. In the article, radiation accidents are classified in relation to ships and vessels with nuclear power units. As an example, one of the most severe accidents that occurred when nuclear fuel was transshipped on a nuclear-powered submarine in the Chazhma Bay in 1985 is considered. Methods for determining the incorporated radioactivity are described. Direct measurement of radionuclide content in a human body or an organ using human radiation spectrometers is shown to be the most accurate. The hardware-methodical support and the main measures for the postemergency individual control of the internal exposure of personnel of vessels with nuclear power plants are proposed.