EXPERMENTAL MODELS FOR MEMORY IMPAIRMENT

Numerous animal models have been developed and have contributed to the exploration of the pathology of diseases and development of new drug therapies. Memory is the ability to record, retain and recall the data or event of life whenever needed. In the last years, the increasing number of neurological disorders raise a concern, for this, various investigations have been done to postulate the basic mechanisms and signalling molecules and steps involved in the process of the formation of memory and learning. Various neurotoxins have been utilized as an experimental model to study and develop new pathways and specific targets to treat the disorders, but none of them are able to predict all the characteristic features that are involved in the alteration of memory. Toxins being utilized for the different experimental models include scopolamine, ethanol, domoic acid, streptozotocin, okadaic acid, quinolinic acid, paraquat, rotenone, MPTP, methamphetamine, etc. The current study summarizes the toxins from a different sources that could support the investigation to explore the pathology and to develop the target drug delivery for memory impairment, impaired neurodevelopment, diminished intellectual power, and other cognitive disorders like AD, PD, HD, etc.