Open AccessPartial N Gene Sequencing for SARS-CoV-2 Verification and Pathway Tracing
Author(s) -
Sin Hang Lee,
Jonathan McGrath,
Stephen P Connolly,
J Lambert
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
international medical case reports journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.198
H-Index - 11
ISSN - 1179-142X
DOI - 10.2147/imcrj.s291166
Subject(s) - covid-19 , tracing , computational biology , gene , medicine , contact tracing , virology , genetics , computer science , biology , outbreak , pathology , operating system , disease , infectious disease (medical specialty)
When SARS-CoV-2 prevalence is low, many RT-qPCR-positive test results are false positives. Sequencing of a 398-bp cDNA PCR amplicon derived from a highly conserved segment with single nucleotide polymorphisms of the nucleocapsid (N) gene in presumptive positive samples can verify true positives and differentiate at least 27 phylogenetically distinct strains of SARS-CoV-2 for helping track virus strain movement between individuals and across geographical areas. We report using this partial N gene sequencing method to confirm a case of mild COVID-19 disease. The patient was first seen on March 15, 2020, in the emergency department of the university hospital in Dublin, Ireland. RT-qPCR test on a nasopharyngeal swab sample was positive for SARS-CoV-2. Partial sequencing of the N gene in the residue of the tested RNA extract showed a characteristic set of 3-consecutive GGG-to-AAC mutations at positions 28881, 28882, 28883, which is known to first appear in samples collected in Continental Europe in February 2020. Using this sequencing-based method to re-test 9 reference nasopharyngeal swab samples supplied by the Connecticut State Department of Public Health Microbiology Laboratory revealed that 2 of the 9 positive samples had a single nucleotide mutation in the 398-base segment of the SARS-CoV-2 N gene. One of the 2 mutant samples showed a mutation at position 28821, which was first reported in a sample recently collected in the neighboring New York state. The other sample showed a novel frameshift nucleotide "A" insertion between position 29051 and position 29057, which co-existed with its wildtype parental virus in one sample. Routine sequencing of RT-qPCR-positive samples can minimize or eliminate false-positive SARS-CoV-2 test results that may cause unnecessary anxiety among the population and prevent false-positive tests from shutting down schools and workplaces unnecessarily as businesses try to resume normal operations in the community.