Open AccessImproving Drug Delivery for Alzheimer’s Disease Through Nose-to-Brain Delivery Using Nanoemulsions, Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLC) and in situ Hydrogels
Author(s) -
Sara C. Cunha,
Ben Forbes,
José Manuel Sousa Lobo,
Ana Catarina Silva
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
international journal of nanomedicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.245
H-Index - 128
eISSN - 1178-2013
pISSN - 1176-9114
DOI - 10.2147/ijn.s305851
Subject(s) - nasal administration , drug delivery , self healing hydrogels , bioavailability , medicine , nasal cavity , drug , pharmacology , drug delivery to the brain , solid lipid nanoparticle , nanotechnology , biomedical engineering , blood–brain barrier , materials science , central nervous system , surgery , polymer chemistry
Current treatments for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) attenuate the progression of symptoms and aim to improve the patient’s quality of life. Licensed medicines are mostly for oral administration and are limited by the difficulty in crossing the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Here in, the nasal route has been explored as an alternative pathway that allows drugs to be directly delivered to the brain via the nasal cavity. However, clearance mechanisms in the nasal cavity impair the delivery of drugs to the brain and limit their bioavailability. To optimize nose-to-brain delivery, formulations of lipid-based nanosystems, namely nanoemulsions and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), formulated in situ gelling hydrogels have been proposed as approaches for nose-to-brain delivery. These formulations possess characteristics that facilitate drug transport directly to the brain, minimizing side effects and maximizing therapeutic benefits. It has been recommended that the manufacture of these drug delivery systems follows the quality by design (QbD) approach based on nasal administration requirements. This review provides an insight into the current knowledge of the AD, highlighting the need for an effective drug delivery to the brain. Considering the mounting interest in the use of nanoemulsions and NLC for nose-to-brain delivery, a description of drug transport pathways in the nasal cavity and the application of these nanosystems and their in situ hydrogels through the intranasal route are presented. Relevant preclinical studies are summarised, and the future prospects for the use of lipid-based nanosystems in the treatment of AD are emphasized.