Open AccessCOVID-19 Pathophysiology and Clinical Effects on Multiple Organ Systems - A Narrative Review
Author(s) -
Kinal Bhatt,
Jonathan Quiz,
Abhinav Patel,
Manishkumar Patel,
Abdifitah Mohamed,
Muhammad Aziz,
Deepa Venkataramani,
Fatema Zohora,
Namrata Hange,
Dana Awad,
Isha Mehta,
Paz Ines M Domingo,
Nadia Jamil,
Shravika Reddy Kandi,
Sindhu Thevuthasan,
Uzzam Ahmed Khawaja,
Dhanaraj Baskaran,
LaShathan Banks,
George Michel,
Marcos A. Sanchez-Gonzalez
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
international annals of science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
ISSN - 2456-7132
DOI - 10.21467/ias.10.1.151-167
Subject(s) - medicine , intensive care medicine , case fatality rate , disease , diabetes mellitus , comorbidity , asthma , pandemic , copd , kidney disease , psychological intervention , mortality rate , covid-19 , epidemiology , infectious disease (medical specialty) , psychiatry , endocrinology
Patients with comorbidities including Hypertension (HTN), Diabetes Mellitus (DM), Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), Asthma, Obesity, Cardiovascular Disease (CVD), Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), and those who are immunocompromised are prone to more severe complications of COVID-19 and a higher rate of hospitalizations. In the United States, around 94% of COVID-19 deaths had an average of 2.6 additional conditions or causes per death. In a summary report published by the Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention of 72,314 cases, case-fatality rate was elevated among those with preexisting comorbid conditions—10.5% for cardiovascular disease, 7.3% for diabetes, 6.3% for chronic respiratory disease, 6.0% for HTN, and 5.6% for cancer. The COVID-19 pandemic continues to threaten people and healthcare systems globally and therefore the global economy. Currently, there is no cure or vaccine for COVID-19 and there is an urgent need to develop target therapies as we continue to learn more about this novel virus. Without therapeutic interventions, much of how we contain the viral spread is prevention through mitigation strategies (social distancing, face masks, supportive care). Early suspicion of COVID-19 symptoms with radiological and laboratory assessments may play a major role in preventing severity of the COVID-19. With this literature review we aim to provide review of pathophysiology of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its clinical effects on multiple organ systems.