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Spatial Variability of Groundwater Recharge and its Effect on Shallow Groundwater Quality in Southern New Jersey
Author(s) -
Nolan Bernard T.,
Baehr Arthur L.,
Kauffman Leon J.
Publication year - 2003
Publication title -
vadose zone journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.036
H-Index - 81
ISSN - 1539-1663
DOI - 10.2136/vzj2003.6770
Subject(s) - groundwater recharge , hydrology (agriculture) , aquifer , groundwater , vadose zone , water table , geology , environmental science , soil water , soil science , geotechnical engineering
Point estimates of groundwater recharge at 48 sediment‐coring locations vary substantially (−18.5–1840 cm yr −1 ) in a 930‐km 2 area of southern New Jersey. Darcian estimates of steady, long‐term recharge made at depth in the unsaturated zone were estimated using pedotransfer functions of soil texture and interpolated (mapped) with nonparametric methods to assess aquifer vulnerability in the area. The probability of exceeding the median recharge (29.1 cm yr −1 ) is low in the southwestern and northeastern portions of the study area and high in the eastern and southeastern portions. Estimated recharge is inversely related to measured percentage clay and positively related to the percentage of well‐drained soils near wells. Spatial patterns of recharge estimates, exceedance probabilities, and clay content indicate that sediment texture controls recharge in the study area. Relations with land elevation and a topographic wetness index were statistically insignificant. Nitrate concentration and atrazine (6‐chloro‐ N 2 ‐ethyl‐ N 4 ‐isopropyl‐1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4‐diamine) percentage detection in samples of shallow groundwater (typically <10 m) are higher for low recharge sites (≤29.1 cm yr −1 ) than for high recharge sites (>29.1 cm yr −1 ) in agricultural and urban areas. Differences between high and low recharge sites in these areas are highly significant for NO 3 concentration, but not for atrazine concentration.

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