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United States Midwest Soil and Weather Conditions Influence Anaerobic Potentially Mineralizable Nitrogen
Author(s) -
Clark Jason D.,
Veum Kristen S.,
Fernández Fabián G.,
Camberato James J.,
Carter Paul R.,
Ferguson Richard B.,
Franzen David W.,
Kaiser Daniel E.,
Kitchen Newell R.,
Laboski Carrie A. M.,
Nafziger Emerson D.,
Rosen Carl J.,
Sawyer John E.,
Shanahan John F.
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
soil science society of america journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.836
H-Index - 168
eISSN - 1435-0661
pISSN - 0361-5995
DOI - 10.2136/sssaj2019.02.0047
Subject(s) - mineralization (soil science) , predictability , environmental science , human fertilization , precipitation , nitrogen cycle , nitrogen , soil organic matter , soil test , soil water , agronomy , soil science , chemistry , mathematics , geography , biology , meteorology , statistics , organic chemistry
Nitrogen provided to crops through mineralization is an important factor in N management guidelines. Understanding of the interactive effects of soil and weather conditions on N mineralization needs to be improved. Relationships between anaerobic potentially mineralizable N (PMN an ) and soil and weather conditions were evaluated under the contrasting climates of eight US Midwestern states. Soil was sampled (0–30 cm) for PMN an analysis before pre‐plant N application (PP 0N ) and at the V5 development stage from the pre‐plant 0 (V5 0N ) and 180 kg N ha −1 (V5 180N ) rates and incubated for 7, 14, and 28 d. Even distribution of precipitation and warmer temperatures before soil sampling and greater soil organic matter (SOM) increased PMN an . Soil properties, including total C, SOM, and total N, had the strongest relationships with PMN an ( R 2 ≤ 0.40), followed by temperature ( R 2 ≤ 0.20) and precipitation ( R 2 ≤ 0.18) variables. The strength of the relationships between soil properties and PMN an from PP 0N , V5 0N , and V5 180N varied by ≤10%. Including soil and weather in the model greatly increased PMN an predictability ( R 2 ≤ 0.69), demonstrating the interactive effect of soil and weather on N mineralization at different times during the growing season regardless of N fertilization. Delayed soil sampling (V5 0N ) and sampling after fertilization (V5 180N ) reduced PMN an predictability. However, longer PMN an incubations improved PMN an predictability from both V5 soil samplings closer to the PMN an predictability from PP 0N , indicating the potential of PMN an from longer incubations to provide improved estimates of N mineralization when N fertilizer is applied. Core Ideas Relationships between mineralization estimates taken with the PMN an test and soil and weather conditions need to be improved. Soil sample timing and N fertilization minimally affected PMN an predictability by soil and weather parameters. Soil properties predict PMN an better than weather conditions. Soil and weather conditions combined explain up to 69% of the variability of PMN an . Longer PMN an incubations improve the relationship between soil and weather parameters and PMN an after N fertilization.