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Short‐Term Effects of Mineral and Organic Fertilizer on Denitrifiers, Nitrous Oxide Emissions and Denitrification in Long‐Term Amended Vineyard Soils
Author(s) -
Tatti Enrico,
Goyer Claudia,
Zebarth Bernie J.,
Burton David L.,
Giovannetti Luciana,
Viti Carlo
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
soil science society of america journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.836
H-Index - 168
eISSN - 1435-0661
pISSN - 0361-5995
DOI - 10.2136/sssaj2012.0096
Subject(s) - compost , denitrification , soil water , fertilizer , amendment , vineyard , agronomy , environmental chemistry , chemistry , organic fertilizer , microcosm , environmental science , soil science , nitrogen , horticulture , biology , organic chemistry , political science , law
Short‐term effects (i.e., 21 d) of mineral or organic fertilizer application on long‐term (i.e., 8 yr of applications) amended soil on denitrifier community abundance, denitrification gene mRNA transcript numbers, denitrification rate, and emissions of N 2 O were explored. Soil was collected from a vineyard in Italy receiving annual applications of either mineral fertilizer (conventional management system, CS) or municipal compost (organic management system, OS). Each soil was incubated using three treatments: no amendment, NH 4 NO 3 , or municipal compost. Microcosms set up with soil treated with compost showed higher nirS , nirK , and nosZ abundance in comparison to conventional fertilization. Short‐term compost addition increased nirK gene abundance over time in OS and CS soils, whereas nirS and nosZ gene abundance increased after compost addition only in OS soil. In OS soil, nosZ gene mRNA transcript numbers were higher at all time‐points for all treatments compared with CS soil. Furthermore, nosZ gene mRNA transcript number increased over time after compost addition for both soils, N 2 O emissions were higher in both soils after NH 4 NO 3 addition compared with no amendment and compost addition. Denitrification was higher in OS than CS soil following NH 4 NO 3 treatment. Denitrification rates were much higher than N 2 O rates in all cases suggesting most emissions occurred as N 2 . Our study demonstrated that long‐term urban‐waste compost application clearly changed soil denitrifier communities and the response of denitrification and N 2 O emissions to different short‐term soil amendments.