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Measurement of Low Matric Potentials with Porous Matrix Sensors and Water‐Filled Tensiometers
Author(s) -
Whalley W. R.,
Lock G.,
Jenkins M.,
Peloe T.,
Burek K.,
Balendonck J.,
Take W.A.,
Tuzel İ.H.,
Tuzel Y.
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
soil science society of america journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.836
H-Index - 168
eISSN - 1435-0661
pISSN - 0361-5995
DOI - 10.2136/sssaj2008.0400
Subject(s) - water potential , tensiometer (surface tension) , soil water , water content , soil science , environmental science , porosity , water retention curve , matrix (chemical analysis) , water retention , geotechnical engineering , materials science , composite material , geology , thermodynamics , physics , surface tension
Water‐filled tensiometers are widely used to measure the matric potential of soil water. It is often assumed that, because these give a direct reading, they are accurate. With a series of laboratory tests with model laboratory systems of increasing complexity we show that the output of water‐filled tensiometers can, particularly in drying soils, be in serious error. Specifically, we demonstrated that water‐filled tensiometers can indicate a steady matric potential, typically between −60 and −90 kPa, when the soil is much drier. We demonstrate the use of water‐filled tensiometers that can measure matric potentials smaller than −100 kPa in the laboratory and in the field. The physics of the failure of water‐filled tensiometers is discussed. When the matric potential was greater than −60 kPa, in laboratory and field tests water‐filled and porous matrix sensors were in good agreement. In the field environment the porous matrix sensor was useful because it allowed early detection of the failure of water‐filled tensiometers. In dry soils (matric potential < −60 kPa) the porous matrix sensor was more reliable and accurate than the water‐filled tensiometer.