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Seasonal Transformations of Manganese in a Palustrine Emergent Wetland
Author(s) -
La Force Matthew J.,
Hansel Colleen M.,
Fendorf Scott
Publication year - 2002
Publication title -
soil science society of america journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.836
H-Index - 168
eISSN - 1435-0661
pISSN - 0361-5995
DOI - 10.2136/sssaj2002.1377
Subject(s) - rhodochrosite , chemistry , manganese , environmental chemistry , ferrihydrite , aqueous solution , organic chemistry , adsorption
Naturally occurring wetlands need to be investigated to assess their role in contaminant sequestration. Accordingly, aqueous‐ and solid‐phase analyses were conducted to monitor Mn response to changing physicochemical conditions within a Palustrine Emergent Wetland. A rhodochrosite‐like phase (MnCO 3 ) was the dominant Mn bearing phase (by mass) within the solids throughout the year. Aqueous‐phase Mn concentrations were highly variable, but only two sampling sites in the interior of the wetland had pore‐waters supersaturated with respect to rhodochrosite. Despite that a rhodochrosite‐like material was the dominant quantity of Mn in the solids through the year, the reactivity of Mn solids, as measured by selective sequential extractions, did change seasonally. In spring, Mn was preferentially associated with the hydrofluoric acid‐extractable pool, comprising ∼35% of the total extractable Mn. The sodium acetate (SA)/acetic acid (AA) fraction appears elevated from spring through fall. Amorphous sulfide phases denoted by the difference between hydrochloric‐ and oxalic‐acid extractable Mn increased during the summer months and then decreased in early fall as the site dried. Furthermore, as the site dried, Mn associations with the MnCl 2 (water soluble and exchangeable) extractable phase increased significantly ( P < 0.05), comprising between 26 and 43% of the total extractable Mn. Manganese removed using hydroxylamine‐hydrochloride/AA (crystalline oxide) increased significantly ( P < 0.05) in the summer to ∼40% of total extractable Mn. It is therefore apparent that seasonal changes in temperature and water level, with associated redox status, drive changes in surficial coatings of Mn phases and thus its reactivity.