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Dentrification and Mineralization in Soil Amended with Legume, Grass, and Corn Residues
Author(s) -
McKenney D. J.,
Wang S. W.,
Drury C. F.,
Findlay W. I.
Publication year - 1993
Publication title -
soil science society of america journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.836
H-Index - 168
eISSN - 1435-0661
pISSN - 0361-5995
DOI - 10.2136/sssaj1993.03615995005700040022x
Subject(s) - vicia villosa , loam , agronomy , lolium multiflorum , mineralization (soil science) , denitrification , chemistry , nitrogen cycle , cover crop , incubation , green manure , soil water , biology , nitrogen , ecology , biochemistry , organic chemistry
Since cover crops and intercrops are increasingly used to reduce soil erosion and N loss and provide efficient N utilization, it is important to evaluate the consequences of crop residue to N cycling processes. The objectives of this study were to determine effects of incorporating hairy vetch (HV, Vicia villosa Roth subsp. villosa ), red clover (RC, Trifolium pratense L.), annual ryegrass (ARG, Lolium multiflorum Lam.), reed canarygrass (RCG, Phalaris arundinacea L.), and corn ( Zea mays L.) residues on denitrification, dissimilatory NO − 3 reduction, and N mineralization‐immobilization in a Brookston clay loam (fine‐loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Argiaquoll). A gas flow system was used with 5 or 10 g residue kg −1 amended soil. With only anaerobic incubation, all residues stimulated denitrification about equally with net NO and N 2 O production rates two to three times greater than in the control soil. Ammonium accumulation over the 48‐h anaerobic period was 5 to 11 mg N kg −1 . When a 5‐d aerobic incubation preceeded the anaerobic phase, losses of NO + N 2 O amounted to 5 to 17 times that in the control soil during the anaerobic phase. These losses were: 59.4, 47.1, 25.1, 24.4, 17.6, and 3.5 mg N kg −1 for HV, RC, ARG, RCG, corn, and the control, respectively. Mineralization in the HV treatment occurred from the third to the fifth day of the aerobic incubation and NH + 4 continued to increase during the subsequent 2‐d anaerobic period, reaching 58.4 mg NH + 4 ‐N kg −1 . Nitrite accumulated during the anaerobic phase in all treatments, with 46 and 49 mg N kg −1 for ARG and HV, respectively, during with the 2‐d aerobic/2‐d anaerobic incubation. With the 5‐d aerobic/2‐d anaerobic incubation, NO − 2 levels were lower in all but the ARG treatment.