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Fertilizer Effects on Dinitrogen, Nitrous Oxide, and Methane Emissions from Lowland Rice
Author(s) -
Lindau C. W.,
DeLaune R. D.,
Patrick W. H.,
Bollich P. K.
Publication year - 1990
Publication title -
soil science society of america journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.836
H-Index - 168
eISSN - 1435-0661
pISSN - 0361-5995
DOI - 10.2136/sssaj1990.03615995005400060048x
Subject(s) - nitrous oxide , loam , fertilizer , urea , chemistry , oryza sativa , methane , paddy field , zoology , agronomy , soil water , environmental science , soil science , biochemistry , organic chemistry , biology , gene
Dinitrogen, N 2 O, and CH 4 emissions were measured from a Louisiana flooded rice ( Oryza sativa L.) field. Field experiments were conducted on a Crowley silt loam soil (a fine, montmorillonitic, thermic Typic Albaqualf) to determine the effect of fertilizer types and rice plants on evolution of N 2 , N 2 O, and CH 4 to the atmosphere. Highly labeled (60–74 atom% 15 N) urea, (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , and KNO 3 fertilizers were applied into the floodwater at the four‐ to five‐leaf stage to maximize N loss. The direct emissions of N 2 , N 2 O, and CH 4 were measured at 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, and 21 d after N application. Maximum N 2 fluxes from the planted rice plots were 254, 516, and 3 330 g ha −1 d −1 for the urea, (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , and KNO 3 treatments, respectively. Dinitrogen fluxes from the urea, (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , and KNO 3 unplanted plots were 264, 484, and 1 720 g N 2 ha −1 d −1 , respectively. Nitrous oxide emissions due to fertilizer addition to the soil were low. No increases in N 2 O emission above control values were recorded for any of the sampling intervals after urea addition. Maximum N 2 O flux from the (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 treatments was 4 g ha −1 d −1 on Day 17 and 122 g ha −1 d −1 for the KNO 3 ‐treated plots measured on Day 1. Peak CH 4 emissions from the planted and unplanted urea‐treated plots were 75 and 22 g ha −1 d −1 , respectively. Fluxes of CH 4 from the (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 and KNO 3 plots were much lower and did not exceed 9 and 18 g ha −1 d −1 , respectively, over the 21‐d sampling period. This study shows that the type of fertilizer N and presence of rice plants affects the evolution of N 2 , N 2 O, and CH 4 from a flooded‐rice soil to the atmosphere.