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Flocculation Series Test Yielding Time‐Invariant Critical Coagulation Concentrations of Sodium Illite
Author(s) -
Hesterberg Dean,
Page A. L.
Publication year - 1990
Publication title -
soil science society of america journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.836
H-Index - 168
eISSN - 1435-0661
pISSN - 0361-5995
DOI - 10.2136/sssaj1990.03615995005400030017x
Subject(s) - illite , flocculation , coagulation , chemistry , settling , particle size , turbidity , particle aggregation , mineralogy , chromatography , analytical chemistry (journal) , clay minerals , materials science , environmental engineering , geology , environmental science , nanotechnology , organic chemistry , nanoparticle , psychology , oceanography , psychiatry
Critical coagulation concentrations (CCCs) of Na illite were measured using flocculation series tests. Results consistent with kinetic theories of coagulation showed the effect of coagulation/settling time on the CCC at various pH levels. A general flocculation series test procedure for reference and soil minerals is proposed. This test controls particle‐interaction dynamics and uses a long coagulation time to minimize the effects of variations in particle diffusion rates and solids concentrations, and to yield time‐invariant CCCs. After combining Na illite dispersions with a series of pH‐adjusted, concentrated NaClO 4 solutions, the mineral particles coagulated primarily by Brownian diffusion. To control the release of interlayer K from Na illite, an equilibrium K concentration of 0.1 mol m −3 was added to all suspensions. The CCCs were detected from turbidity measurements taken after various coagulation time intervals. Between 2 and 17 h, CCCs generally decreased with increasing particle‐interaction time; however, CCCs measured after 17 and 36 h were equivalent and time invariant.