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Distribution of Sulfur Fractions in Soil as Influenced by Management of Organic Residues
Author(s) -
Castellano S. D.,
Dick R. P.
Publication year - 1988
Publication title -
soil science society of america journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.836
H-Index - 168
eISSN - 1435-0661
pISSN - 0361-5995
DOI - 10.2136/sssaj1988.03615995005200050037x
Subject(s) - straw , chemistry , residue (chemistry) , crop residue , sulfur , manure , fertilizer , sulfate , agronomy , zoology , biology , biochemistry , agriculture , organic chemistry , inorganic chemistry , ecology
There is increasing concern about the long‐term effects of crop management on soil properties that may be affecting soil productivity. Consequently, a study of the long‐term (55 yr) effect of organic residue and inorganic N applications on the distribution of S fractions (inorganic sulfate, C‐bonded, ester sulfate, residual, and sulfolipid S) in a Typic Haploxeroll under a wheat‐fallow ( Triticum aestivum L.) rotation was undertaken. The biennial treatments were: (i) straw (control), (ii) straw plus fertilizer (+N) (34 kg N ha −1 from 1931–1966 and 90 kg N ha −1 from 1967–1986), (iii) straw plus 2.24 Mg ha −1 of pea vine residue (PV), and (iv) straw plus 22.4 Mg ha −1 of strawy manure (M). There was a significant treatment effect ( P < 0.01) with the M treatment having 7 to 41% greater total S, and 9 to 22% greater ester sulfate hydriodic reducible S), and nearly two times more C‐bonded (Raney‐Ni reducible S) and sulfolipid S than the remaining treatments. The lowest level for total S occurred in the +N treatment (114 vs. 161 mg S kg −1 soil in the M treatment). A significantly lower level of residual S (nonreducible) for the +N treatment suggests that the addition of inorganic N causes a depletion of S from the residual pool. On a biennial basis, treatments receiving only straw (control and +N) had net inputs (amount of S added with residue minus S removed in grain) of −0.51 and −1.72 kg S ha −1 , respectively, and PV and M treatments had net S inputs of 1.92 and 31.05 kg S ha −1 , respectively. Calculation of the coefficient of simple determination ( r 2 ) among S fractions and other soil properties showed that whereas organic C and total N had a high r 2 value (0.81), total S had a low r 2 (0.29) with organic C and was more closely related to total N ( r 2 = 0.55). The r 2 values among the organic S fractions were quite low (<0.23), except for sulfolipid S and C‐bonded ( r 2 = 0.45).