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Mineral Transformations in Soils Formed in Glacialmarine Drift, Northwestern Washington
Author(s) -
Pevear D. R.,
Goldin A.,
Sprague J. W.
Publication year - 1984
Publication title -
soil science society of america journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.836
H-Index - 168
eISSN - 1435-0661
pISSN - 0361-5995
DOI - 10.2136/sssaj1984.03615995004800010038x
Subject(s) - chlorite , kaolinite , clay minerals , geology , vermiculite , amphibole , volcanic ash , geochemistry , mineralogy , pedogenesis , mineral , soil horizon , soil water , chemistry , volcano , soil science , quartz , organic chemistry , paleontology
The Whatcom (Aquic Xerochrept) and Labounty (Typic Humaquept) series are soils formed in volcanic ash‐influenced, 10000‐year‐old glacialmarine drift. Surface horizons contain 5 to 10% volcanic ash; pyroxenes show pronounced cockscomb morphology, but associated hornblende is less weathered. Clay‐size minerals in unweathered drift are chlorite, smectite, mica, and in minor amounts, kaolinite and amphibole. The constant abundance of kaolinite throughout the profile and in the fresh parent drift suggests that it is not pedogenic. In the C horizon, chlorite has weathered to mixed‐layer chlorite/vermiculite (or chlorite/smectite) with 40 to 50% chlorite layers. The B horizon is dominated by chlorite, vermiculite, and chlorite/vermiculite. Smectite decreases upward and is absent from the uppermost part of the profile, where it has dissolved or possibly been converted to mixed‐layer kaolinite/smectite and chlorite/smectite.