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Acidity and Aluminum Restraints on Nodulation, Nitrogen Fixation, and Growth of Phaseolus vulgaris in Solution Culture
Author(s) -
Franco A. A.,
Munns D. N.
Publication year - 1982
Publication title -
soil science society of america journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.836
H-Index - 168
eISSN - 1435-0661
pISSN - 0361-5995
DOI - 10.2136/sssaj1982.03615995004600020016x
Subject(s) - shoot , phaseolus , nitrogenase , elongation , taproot , nitrogen fixation , horticulture , cultivar , rhizobium , biology , lateral root , nitrogen , agronomy , chemistry , inoculation , biochemistry , materials science , organic chemistry , ultimate tensile strength , arabidopsis , gene , mutant , metallurgy
The effects of acidity and aluminum (Al) on nodulation, nitrogen (N) fixation, and bean shoot and root growth were studied in solution and sand culture in greenhouse experiments to help explain the frequent failure of N 2 ‐dependent bean in acid soils. Aluminum concentrations were maintained in solution by keeping low levels of phosphorus (P) at pH 4.5. Concentrations of Al up to 83 µ M did not affect root dry weight, nodule growth, and nitrogenase activity of either bean cultivar tested. Low levels of Al (19 µ M ) increased taproot elongation but decreased total root length; at higher Al concentrations, the taproot also became stunted. Increasing CaCl 2 from 0.2 to 2 m M in solution suppressed Al toxicity. Shoot growth was significantly decreased by 19 µ M Al in P. vulgaris cv. Carioca but not in cv. Venezuela 350. Root colonization and/or infection by Rhizobium was reduced by Al concentrations >33 µ M but was less sensitive than total root elongation or shoot growth. Solution culture pH in the range 4.5 to 5.5 did not affect nodule growth and nitrogenase activity, but a decrease in pH from 5.5 to 5.0 decreased number of nodules formed per plant from 60 to 10, indicating that pH can be a major limiting factor of early nodulation with the cultivars and Rhizobium strains tested.