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Hydrothermal Soils of the Crater of Mt. Baker, Washington
Author(s) -
Bockheim J. G.,
Ballard T. M.
Publication year - 1975
Publication title -
soil science society of america journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.836
H-Index - 168
eISSN - 1435-0661
pISSN - 0361-5995
DOI - 10.2136/sssaj1975.03615995003900050051x
Subject(s) - soil water , kaolinite , hydrothermal circulation , gibbsite , loam , clay minerals , mineralogy , geology , montmorillonite , weathering , andesite , texture (cosmology) , geochemistry , chemistry , soil science , volcanic rock , volcano , image (mathematics) , organic chemistry , artificial intelligence , seismology , computer science
Soils and rocks were sampled near active steam vents in the crater of Mt. Baker, in order to determine the soil chemical and mineralogical properties associated with hydrothermal and solfataric alteration. X‐ray diffraction analysis indicated the formation of kaolinite, montmorillonite, analcime, gibbsite, and some other minerals in these materials. The soils range from very gravelly sand to gravelly loamy sand in texture, and are extremely acid (pH 1.2–2.8). These soils have low cation exchange capacity (2.7–5.8 meq/100 g), high to very high electrical conductivity (1.3 to 11.2 mmho/cm), and small amounts of free Fe, Al, and Si. Dominant water soluble ions are HSO 4 ‐ and SO 4 2‐ , Fe 2+ , Al 3+ , H + , Mg 2+ , and Ca 2+ . Altered andesite rock and soil are depleted in Al 2 O 3 , CaO, and MgO, and locally enriched in Fe 2 O 3 .