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Osmotic Efficiency Coefficients Across Compacted Clays
Author(s) -
Kemper W. D.,
Rollins J. B.
Publication year - 1966
Publication title -
soil science society of america journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.836
H-Index - 168
eISSN - 1435-0661
pISSN - 0361-5995
DOI - 10.2136/sssaj1966.03615995003000050005x
Subject(s) - divalent , osmotic pressure , chemistry , salt (chemistry) , osmotic coefficient , adsorption , activity coefficient , biochemistry , aqueous solution , organic chemistry
Movement of solution through clays in response to salt concentration differences and in response to hydraulic pressure differences was measured. Rate of movement of solution in response to an “osmotic pressure” difference was divided by the rate of movement in response to an energywise equal hydraulic pressure difference to obtain osmotic efficiency coefficients. These osmotic efficiency coefficients are increased by saturating the clay with monovalent rather than divalent cations, using divalent rather than monovalent anions, decreasing the water content of the clay plug and by decreasing the average concentration of the outside solution. Effects of these factors on the osmotic efficiency are predicted by diffuse layer theory (negative adsorption of salt) and hydrodynamic considerations.