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Threshold Gradient for Water Flow in Clay Systems
Author(s) -
Miller Raymond J.,
Low Philip F.
Publication year - 1963
Publication title -
soil science society of america journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.836
H-Index - 168
eISSN - 1435-0661
pISSN - 0361-5995
DOI - 10.2136/sssaj1963.03615995002700060013x
Subject(s) - flow (mathematics) , curvilinear coordinates , temperature gradient , concentration gradient , water flow , hydraulic head , potential gradient , work (physics) , volumetric flow rate , balanced flow , soil science , geology , geotechnical engineering , mechanics , thermodynamics , mathematics , geometry , physics , meteorology , oceanography , quantum mechanics
In this work the presence of a threshold gradient for water flow in clays was established. The threshold gradient is the hydraulic gradient below which no flow occurs. The threshold gradient decreased with decreasing clay concentration and increasing temperature. At gradients above the threshold gradient, the flow rate‐gradient relationship was essentially linear, except at low gradients, for the concentrated clay systems but curvilinear for the less‐concentrated clay systems. These results were explained on the basis of a quasi‐crystalline water structure which developed in the clay‐water systems as a result of water‐surface interaction.