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High Frequency Titrimetry of Soils and Clays: Methodology, Theory, and Nature of the Ba‐Mg Exchange Reaction
Author(s) -
Simonson Clifford H.,
Axley John H.
Publication year - 1963
Publication title -
soil science society of america journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.836
H-Index - 168
eISSN - 1435-0661
pISSN - 0361-5995
DOI - 10.2136/sssaj1963.03615995002700010013x
Subject(s) - soil water , saturation (graph theory) , cation exchange capacity , sulfate , chemistry , titration , mineralogy , dissociation (chemistry) , titration curve , clay minerals , ion exchange , arable land , gypsum , analytical chemistry (journal) , soil science , geology , inorganic chemistry , environmental chemistry , ion , mathematics , organic chemistry , combinatorics , ecology , paleontology , biology , agriculture
Abstract A highly sensitive method for studying cation‐exchange phenomena was developed. A high frequency titrimeter, sensitive to about 0.0002 me., was used along with a continuous‐delivery buret of precision ±0.0003 ml. Soil or clay samples of 0.5 to 2.0 g. (much less can be used) were first saturated with Na, then converted to Ba‐saturation, and finally titrated in semiaqueous media with standard sulfate solution. The apparent dissociation of Ba from exchange sites is indicated by comparisons with titration curves for strongly dissociated (BaCl 2 ) and weakly dissociated (Ba‐(OAc) 2 ) salts. For many soils and clays, four general stages or regions of the curve can be differentiated. These appear to represent loose bonding, moderate bonding, moderately strong bonding, and very strong bonding. The bonding characteristics of exchangeable Ba are further illustrated by curves of a few selected soils and reference clays. These curves also demonstrate: (1) similarities in clay‐mineral behavior between specific soil samples and reference clays; (2) differences between reference clays in the same group; and (3) differences between arable soils and those developed in hydromorphic environments.