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Ion Movement in Wyoming Bentonite During Electroosmosis
Author(s) -
Jacobs Hyde S.,
Mortland M. M.
Publication year - 1959
Publication title -
soil science society of america journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.836
H-Index - 168
eISSN - 1435-0661
pISSN - 0361-5995
DOI - 10.2136/sssaj1959.03615995002300040014x
Subject(s) - bentonite , ion , chemistry , salt (chemistry) , quartz , mineralogy , inorganic chemistry , geology , geotechnical engineering , paleontology , organic chemistry
The comparative rates of removal of the ions from Wyoming bentonite‐quartz sand systems during electroosmosis were as follows: Na + > K + > Mg ++ > Ca ++ . The differential movement of ions tends to separate the cations as they move through the media. The percentage of an ion removed by a given amount of electricity was increased by the addition of a complementary ion. The rate of Na + and K + removal was proportional to the amount of these ions remaining in the system and decreased steadily as electroosmosis proceeded. The rate of Ca ++ removal tended to remain more or less constant until the Ca ++ concentration in the cell had been reduced to about 0.5 symmetry. In the early stages of electroosmosis the transference numbers of Na + and K + in systems containing no free salt were very near unity. Under similar circumstances the transference number for Ca ++ was greater than in some salt solutions but did not approach unity. The amount of water flow per milliequivalent of cation removed was greatest for Ca ++ , intermediate for K + , and least for Na + .