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Genotype × Environment Interaction for Plant Density Response in Maize ( Zea mays L.)
Author(s) -
Edwards Jode W.
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
crop science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.76
H-Index - 147
eISSN - 1435-0653
pISSN - 0011-183X
DOI - 10.2135/cropsci2015.07.0408
Subject(s) - biology , zea mays , gene–environment interaction , sowing , agronomy , linear regression , yield (engineering) , population density , genetic variation , grain yield , regression analysis , regression , interaction , inbred strain , plant density , population , genetic variability , statistics , mathematics , genotype , genetics , materials science , demography , sociology , metallurgy , gene
Increased adaptation to high plant density has been an important factor in improvements in grain yield in maize ( Zea mays L.). Despite extensive public literature on variation and improvement in plant density response among maize varieties, much less public information is available on effects of environment and genotype × environment interactions (G × E) on plant density response for grain yield in maize. The present study was conducted to quantify environment effects and G × E effects on plant density response for maize grain yield. A set of 57 synthetic populations, synthetic × inbred line crosses, and synthetic × synthetic population crosses were evaluated across a five year period including 17 individual location–years. The data in this study were an unbalanced combination of multiple experiments that included 370 pedigree‐environment combinations with each containing at least four planting densities and two replications per environment in most cases. G × E accounted for 26% of total genetic variance (genetic variance plus G × E variance) in linear regression coefficients and 39% of variance in quadratic regression coefficients in the regression of grain yield on observed plant density. Variance in G × E for linear and quadratic regression coefficients resulted in variation in optimal densities among varieties being highly specific to individual environments. Average plant density responses varied widely among environments with average optimal plant densities ranging from 5.6 to 9.1 plants m –2 .