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Evaluation of Grass and Legume Species as Perennial Ground Covers in Corn Production
Author(s) -
Flynn E. Scott,
Moore Kenneth J.,
Singer Jeremy W.,
Lamkey Kendall R.
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
crop science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.76
H-Index - 147
eISSN - 1435-0653
pISSN - 0011-183X
DOI - 10.2135/cropsci2011.06.0306
Subject(s) - biology , agronomy , perennial plant , poaceae , poa pratensis , festuca rubra , festuca , ideotype , crop
ABSTRACT Corn ( Zea mays L.) stover has been identified as an important feedstock for biofuel production but its removal will likely increase soil erosion. To address this issue 35 species of grasses and legumes were evaluated as potential perennial ground covers (PGCs) in corn. Selection of species encompassed both C3 and C4 species with a wide range of developmental and morphological features. The objectives were to (i) identify species that could support a high level of corn production while requiring minimal management and (ii) identify morphological traits and growth habits of suitable entries as PGC. Over the 3‐yr study period species with slow growing and spreading habits were more conducive to corn production, even though these PGCs still caused an average 23% reduction in corn grain yield. Meadow fescue ( Festuca pratensis Huds.), sheep fescue ( Festuca ovina L.), Canada bluegrass ( Poa compressa L.), fowl bluegrass ( Poa palustris L.), and colonial bentgrass ( Agrostis capillaris L.) were identified as suitable PGC species. These species were generally shorter and slower to spread into the corn rows compared with other, more aggressive species. Based on these observations an ideotype for future PGC species should be low growing, clump forming, and shade tolerant and have delayed green‐up in the spring.

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