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Ecogeographic Factors Affecting Inflorescence Emergence of Cool‐Season Forage Grasses
Author(s) -
Hall M. H.,
Dillon J. M.,
Undersander D. J.,
Wood T. M.,
Holman P. W.,
Min D. H.,
Leep R. H.,
Lacefield G. D.,
Kunelius H. T.,
Peterson P. R.,
Ehlke N. J.
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
crop science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.76
H-Index - 147
eISSN - 1435-0653
pISSN - 0011-183X
DOI - 10.2135/cropsci2008.07.0394
Subject(s) - inflorescence , biology , dactylis glomerata , lolium multiflorum , forage , phleum , lolium perenne , festuca arundinacea , agronomy , cultivar , poaceae , growing season , botany
The ability to predict when a cool‐season forage grass cultivar will begin inflorescence emergence under different ecogeographical conditions would allow plant breeders, agronomists, and grass‐seed marketers to better position that cultivar into a forage production system. Our objective was to determine the ecogeographical factors (longitude, latitude, elevation, day of year when average daily temperature exceeds 0°C for five consecutive days [DOY at 0°C], cumulative growing degree‐day [GDD], photoperiod, and cumulative photosynthetic active radiation [PAR]) that have the greatest effect on grass maturation in the spring. Inflorescence emergence was monitored in established cultivars of festulolium (× Festulolium spp.), orchardgrass ( Dactylis glomerata L.), ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L. and Lolium multiflorum Lam.), tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), and timothy ( Phleum pratense L.) at eight locations in North America during the spring of 2004 and 2005. As latitude increased, the day of year when grasses reached 1% inflorescence emergence (DOY) also increased, while cumulative GDD and PAR decreased. Latitude, cumulative PAR, and DOY at 0°C were more closely correlated ( r 2 ≥ 0.67) to the onset of inflorescence emergence than the other variables. Latitude combined with the inverse transformation of PAR provided the best prediction of when these grasses would initiate inflorescence emergence (validation R 2 for all species ≥ 0.83).